Last Updated on January 13, 2025 by Caesar

Root canals are one of the most effective dental procedures for saving damaged or infected teeth. While the process may sound intimidating, understanding each step can help ease concerns and provide clarity. This guide breaks down the root canal procedure step-by-step and addresses common questions patients often have.
The goal of a root canal treatment is to save a severely damaged or infected tooth by removing the damaged tissue from inside the tooth. This procedure helps to preserve the natural tooth, alleviates pain, and restores function to the tooth. It also avoids the need for the tooth to be extracted. Root canal therapy is typically recommended when a tooth is severely decayed, cracked, or has deep infection that affects the pulp.
Step 1: Initial Consultation and Examination
The process begins with a consultation. Your dentist or endodontist will assess the tooth’s condition through a physical examination and X-rays. This helps determine whether a root canal is the most appropriate treatment.
Step 2: Local Anesthesia
To ensure a comfortable experience, local anesthesia is administered to numb the tooth and surrounding area. You’ll remain awake during the procedure, but you won’t feel pain.
Step 3: Isolating the Tooth
A rubber dam is placed around the affected tooth to keep it dry and prevent saliva from interfering with the procedure. This isolation also ensures a clean working environment.
Step 4: Accessing the Tooth’s Pulp
The dentist will make a small opening in the tooth, usually through the crown, to access the infected or damaged pulp—the soft tissue within the tooth that contains nerves and blood vessels.
Step 5: Removing the Damaged Pulp
Using specialized tools called small files, the infected or dead pulp tissue is removed from the tooth’s interior and root canals. This step is critical to eliminating the source of pain and infection.
Step 6: Cleaning and Shaping the Canals
Once the pulp is removed, the inside of the root canals is thoroughly cleaned to remove debris and bacteria. The canals are then shaped, preparing them to receive a filling material.
Step 7: Applying Medication
The canals are treated with an antimicrobial medication to eliminate any residual infection and reduce inflammation. This step helps ensure no harmful bacteria remain within the tooth.
Step 8: Sealing the Canals
The root canals are filled with a biocompatible material, typically gutta-percha, to seal them and prevent reinfection. This material is placed snugly and often secured with an adhesive cement.
Step 9: Restoring the Tooth
To complete the procedure, a temporary or permanent crown or filling is placed on the tooth to restore its structure and strength. A crown is often recommended for teeth that require additional protection.
Step 10: Post-Procedure Care and Follow-Up
You’ll receive detailed post-procedure care instructions to help with healing. Follow-up appointments will be scheduled to monitor your progress and ensure the tooth heals effectively.
Final Thoughts
A root canal may seem overwhelming, but it’s a proven, safe, and effective way to restore the health of a damaged tooth. By preserving your natural tooth, you’ll enjoy full functionality and improved oral health for years to come. If you have additional questions or concerns about the root canal procedure, don’t hesitate to consult your dentist or endodontist. Their expertise and guidance can help you feel reassured and prepared for the best dental care possible.